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E Numbers 400 to 499 - Emulsifiers & Thickening Agents
| E-Number | Name | Origin | Origin(Other) |
| E400 | Alginic acid | Natural polysaccharide, produced by different seaweeds of the family Phaeophyceae (Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria digitata, L. cloustoni, Ascophyllum nodosum) in the USA and the UK | |
| E401 | Sodium alginate | Sodium salt of alginic acid (E400), a natural polysaccharide, produced by different seaweeds of the family Phaeophyceae (Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria digitata, L. cloustoni, Ascophyllum nodosum) in the USA and the UK | |
| E402 | Potassium alginate | Potassium salt of alginic acid (E400), a natural polysaccharide, produced by different seaweeds of the family Phaeophyceae (Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria digitata, L. cloustoni, Ascophyllum nodosum) in the USA and the UK. | |
| E403 | Ammonium alginate | Ammonium salt of alginic acid (E400), a natural polysaccharide, produced by different seaweeds of the family Phaeophyceae (Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria digitata, L. cloustoni, Ascophyllum nodosum) in the USA and the UK | |
| E404 | Calcium alginate | Calcium salt of alginic acid (E400), a natural polysaccharide, produced by different seaweeds of the family Phaeophyceae (Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria digitata, L. cloustoni, Ascophyllum nodosum) in the USA and the UK | |
| E405 | Propane-1, 2-diol alginate | Propylene glycol ester of alginic acid (E400), a natural polysaccharide, produced by different seaweeds of the family Phaeophyceae (Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria digitata, L. cloustoni, Ascophyllum nodosum) in the USA and the UK | |
| E406 | Agar | A natural polysaccharide, produced by different seaweeds of the family Rhodophyceae (Gelidium amansii, G. cartilagineum) in the USA and Japan | |
| E407 | Carrageenan | A natural polysaccharide, produced by different seaweeds (Chrondrus crispus, Gigartina stellata, Euchema spinosum, E. cottonii) in Europe, Asia and America. It is a complex mixture of polysaccharides. E407a has a slightly different composition; moreover, it contains a considerable amount of cellulose | |
| E408 | Furcelleran | A natural polysaccharide, produced from seaweed (Furcellaria fastigata) in Denmark. Sometimes it is placed under E407, due to the fact that they have similar chemical structures | |
| E410 | Locust bean gum | A natural polysaccharide, produced from the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) found mostly in the Mediterranean region | |
| E411 | Oat Gum | A natural polysaccharide, produced from oats | |
| E412 | Guar Gum | A natural polysaccharide, produced from the guar shrub (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus) found in Pakistan and India | |
| E413 | Tragacanth | natural polysaccharide, produced from the tree Astralagus gummifer found in Iran, Syria and Turkey | |
| E414 | Gum Arabic | A natural polysaccharide, produced from the tree Acacia senegal from tropical Africa | |
| E415 | Xanthan gum | A natural polysaccharide, produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris from sugar and molasses | |
| E416 | Karaya gum | A natural polysaccharide, obtained from the tree Sterculia urens found in India, as well as some related trees | |
| E417 | Tara gum | A natural polysaccharide (glactomannan), obtained from the tree Cesalpinia spinosa native to South America, but also cultivated in the Mediterranean region | |
| E418 | Gellan gum | A natural polysaccharide, produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas elodea from starch | |
| E420 | Sorbitol | A natural carbohydrate alcohol, present in many berries and fruits, e.g., apples, prunes, cherries and grapes. It is commercially produced from glucose (dextrose). | |
| E421 | Mannitol | A natural carbohydrate alcohol, present in many plants, e.g., conifers, seaweed and mushrooms. It is commercially produced from glucose (dextrose). | |
| E422 | Glycerol | A natural carbohydrate alcohol, which is one of the components of all fats. It is also present in low concentrations in blood. It is commercially produced either synthetically from propene, or by bacterial fermentation of sugars; it is not produced from fat | |
| E430 | Polyoxyethylene(8) stearate | Synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid) | These compounds (430-E436) contain fatty acids, which are nearly always from vegetable oils; however, use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out |
| E431 | Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate | E431 is a synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid) | These compounds (430-E436) contain fatty acids, which are nearly always from vegetable oils; however, use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out |
| E432 | Polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan monolaurate | E432 is a synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (see E420) and lauric acid (a natural fatty acid) | These compounds (430-E436) contain fatty acids, which are nearly always from vegetable oils; however, use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out |
| E433 | Polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan mono-oleate | E433 is a synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (see E420) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid) | These compounds (430-E436) contain fatty acids, which are nearly always from vegetable oils; however, use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out |
| E434 | Polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan monopalmitate | E434 is a synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (see E420) and palmitic acid (a natural fatty acid) | These compounds (430-E436) contain fatty acids, which are nearly always from vegetable oils; however, use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out |
| E435 | Polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan monostearate | E435 is a synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (see E420) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid). | These compounds (430-E436) contain fatty acids, which are nearly always from vegetable oils; however, use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out |
| E436 | Polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan tristearate | E436 is a synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (see E420) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid) | These compounds (430-E436) contain fatty acids, which are nearly always from vegetable oils; however, use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out |
| E440 | Pectin | Pectin is a natural acid polysaccharide present in nearly all fruits, especially apples, quinces and oranges. It is commercially produced from apple pulp and orange peels. Sodium, potassium, and ammonium pectates are the respective salts of pectin. Amidated pectin is prepared by treating pectin with ammonia, after which amides are formed at the acid side chains | |
| E441 | Gelatin | Obtained from animal by-products, such as bones and hides. It can be produced from all species of animals | |
| E442 | Ammonium phosphatides | Obtained from ammonia and ph osphorylated fatty acids, mainly from rapeseed oil | E442 is generally produced with rapeseed oil and can thus be consumed by all religious groups. However, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be completed excluded |
| E450 | Di- and polyphosphates | Salts of sodium/potassium/calcium with phosphates. All are produced synthetically from the respective carbonates and phosphoric acid | |
| E451 | Triphosphates | Salts of sodium/potassium with phosphates. All are produced synthetically from the respective carbonates and phosphoric acid | |
| E452 | Polyphosphates | Salts of sodium/potassium/calcium/ammonium with phosphates. All are produced synthetically from the respective carbonates and phosphoric acid | |
| E460 | Cellulose | Cellulose is the main polysaccharide and constituent of wood and all plant structures. Commercially prepared from wood | |
| E461 | Methyl cellulose | Cellulose is the main polysaccharide and constituent of wood and all plant structures. Commercially prepared from wood | |
| E462 | Ethyl cellulose | Ethylcellulose is prepared from cellulose, the main polysaccharide and constituent of wood and all plant structures. Commercially prepared from wood and chemically ethylated | |
| E463 | Hydroxypropyl cellulose | Hydroxypropylcellulose is prepared from cellulose, the main polysaccharide and constituent of wood and all plant structures. Commercially prepared from wood and chemically propylated | |
| E464 | Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose | Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is prepared from cellulose, the main polysaccharide and constituent of wood and all plant structures. Commercially prepared from wood and chemically modified | |
| E465 | Methylethyl cellulose | Methylethylcellulose is prepared from cellulose, the main polysaccharide and constituent of wood and all plant structures. Commercially prepared from wood and chemically modified | |
| E466 | Carboxymethyl cellulose | Carboxymethylcellulose is prepared from cellulose, the main polysaccharide and constituent of wood and all plant structures. Commercially prepared from wood and chemically modified | |
| E470 | Fatty acid salts | Salts of natural fatty acids, mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The acids are a mixture of stearic-, oleic-, palmitic- and myristinic acid | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E471 | Mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids | Synthetic fats, produced from glycerol and natural fatty acids, mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The product generally is a mixture of different products, with a composition similar to partially digested natural fat | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded. |
| E472 | Esters of mono- and diglycerides | Esters of synthetic fats, produced from glycerol, natural fatty acids and another organic acid (acetic, lactic, tartaric, citric). The fatty acids are mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The product generally is a mixture of different components, with a composition similar to partially digested natural fat esterified with other natural acids | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E473 | Sugar esters of fatty acids | Esters of sugar and synthetic fats, produced from glycerol and natural fatty acids. The fatty acids are mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The product generally is a mixture of different components, with a composition similar to partially digested natural fat esterified with sugar | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E474 | Sugarglycerides | Esters of sugar and fats, produced from sugar and natural fats. The fats are mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The product generally is a mixture of different components | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E475 | Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids | Combination of polyglycerol and natural fats. Normal fat consists of glycerol and fatty acids, for these products additional glycerol is coupled to the normal glycerol. The fats are mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The product generally is a mixture of different components | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E476 | Polyglycerol polyricinoleate | Combination of polyglycerol and castoroil (oil of the tree Ricinus sp. ). Normal fat consists of glycerol and fatty acids, for these products additional glycerol is coupled to the normal glycerol. The product generally is a mixture of different components | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E477 | Propyleneglycol esters of fatty acids | Combination of propanediol and natural fats. Normal fat consists of glycerol and fatty acids, for these products glycerol is replaced by propanediol. The fats are mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The product generally is a mixture of different components | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E478 | Mixture of glycerol- and propyleneglycol esters of lactic acid and fatty acids | Combination of lactic acid, glycerol, propanediol and natural fats. Normal fat consists of glycerol and fatty acids, for these products glycerol is replaced by propanediol. The fats are mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The product generally is a mixture of different components | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E479 | Esterified soy oil | Produced by heating soy-oil in the presence of free fatty acids. The fatty acids are mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The product generally is a mixture of different components | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E480 | Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate | Produced by a reaction of octane with maleic acid anhydride, followed by a reaction with sodium bisulphite | |
| E481 | Sodium stearoyl lactate | Combination of stearic acid and lactic acid, resulting in a mixture of several components. The origin of stearic acid can be or plant or animal fat, although in practice nearly always vegetable oil will be used | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E482 | Calcium stearoyl lactate | Combination of stearic acid and lactic acid, resulting in a mixture of several components. The origin of stearic acid can be or plant or animal fat, although in practice nearly always vegetable oil will be used | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E483 | Stearyl tartrate | Combination of stearic acid and tartaric acid, resulting in a mixture of several components. The origin of stearic acid can be or plant or animal fat, although in practice nearly always vegetable oil will be used | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E484 | Stearyl citrate | Combination of stearic acid and citric acid, resulting in a mixture of several components. The origin of stearic acid can be or plant or animal fat, although in practice nearly always vegetable oil will be used | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E485 | Gelatin | Obtained from animal by-products, such as bones and hides. It can be produced from all species of animals | |
| E490 | Propylene glycol | Synthetic product prepared from propylene from oil | |
| E491 | Sorbitane mono stearate | Produced from sorbitol and stearic acid, a normal fatty acid from vegetable or animal origin | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E492 | Sorbitane tri stearate | Produced from sorbitol and stearic acid, a normal fatty acid from vegetable or animal origin | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E493 | Sorbitane mono laurate | Produced from sorbitol and lauric acid, a normal fatty acid from vegetable or animal origin | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E494 | Sorbitane mono oleate | Produced from sorbitol and oleic acid, a normal fatty acid from vegetable or animal origin | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
| E495 | Sorbitane mono palmitate | Produced from sorbitol and palmitic acid, a normal fatty acid from vegetable or animal origin | Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded |
